What does the term extravasation refer to in chemotherapy?

Extravasation in chemotherapy specifically refers to the leak of a drug that is capable of causing tissue damage into the surrounding tissue. This situation arises when an intravenous chemotherapy drug inadvertently escapes from the vein where it is supposed to be administered and enters the surrounding soft tissue. Extravasation can lead to severe complications, including pain, swelling, and potential tissue necrosis, depending on the type of drug involved.

Understanding the implications of extravasation is crucial for safe nursing practice, as immediate recognition and intervention can help mitigate the damage. It emphasizes the importance of administering certain chemotherapeutic agents with extreme caution and highlights the need for proper IV technique and monitoring during treatment. Keeping this definition in mind is essential for healthcare professionals involved in chemotherapy administration, ensuring they can appropriately identify and manage the risks associated with extravasation.